Dowling, A. (1908). Conclave. In The Catholic Encyclopedia: "Strictly speaking, any male Christian who has reached the use of reason can be chosen — not, however, a heretic, a schismatic, or a notorious simonist"
Dr. Lamont: It is More Likely Than Not That Francis is a Formal ..
(1908). Conclave. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved December 23, 2022 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04192a.htm
Though since Urban VI (1378-89) none but a cardinal has been elected pope, no law reserves to the cardinals alone this right. Strictly speaking, any male Christian who has reached the use of reason can be chosen — not, however, a heretic, a schismatic, or a notorious simonist. Since 14 January, 1505 (Julius II, "Cum tam divino") a simoniacal election is canonically invalid, as being a true and indisputable act of heresy (Wernz, "Jus Decret.", II, 658, 662; see "Hist. Pol. Blätter", 1898, 1900, and Sägmüller, "Lehrbuch d. Kirchenrechts", 1900, I, 215). [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04192a.htm]
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