Video · 6 days ago The Philosophical Errors of Pope John Paul II YouTube Watch "The Philosophical Errors of Pope John Paul II" on YouTu be : https://www.youtube.com/live/msBxmbeeSCk?is=ongq85D406DC_jAl Google AI: In his critiques, Tim Gordon argues that Pope John Paul II breaks from historic Catholic doctrine by redefining capital punishment around "legitimate defense" . According to Gordon, St. Thomas Aquinas rooted the death penalty primarily in retributive justice —the state's right to impose proportionate punishment to restore the cosmic and social order. [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Aquinas on Retributive Justice For St. Thomas Aquinas, retributive justice (\(iustitiavindicativa\)) is the foundational principle underlying the state's right to execute. [ 1 , 2 ] Restoration of Order: In his Summa Theologiae , Aquinas argues that when a grave crime (such as murder) is committed, it upsets the balance and order of justice in society. The death penalty acts as the u...